Apple Unleashes OpenELM, a Slightly More Accurate LLM

Apple, not typically associated with openness, has released a generative AI model called OpenELM, which outperforms other language models trained on public datasets.

A New Era in AI

OpenELM marks a significant advancement for the AI community, offering efficient, on-device AI processing ideal for mobile apps and IoT devices with limited computing power. This enables quick, local decision-making essential for everything from smartphones to smart home devices, expanding the potential for AI in everyday technology.

Specifications and Hard Facts

OpenELM is available in pre-trained and instruction-tuned models with 270 million, 450 million, 1.1 billion, and 3 billion parameters. The model utilizes a technique called layer-wise scaling to allocate parameters more efficiently in the transformer model. This results in better accuracy, shown in the percentage of correct predictions from the model in benchmark tests.

Performance Metrics

• OpenELM is 2.36% more accurate than OLMo while using 2x fewer pre-training tokens.
• Despite OpenELM's higher accuracy, it is slower than OLMo in performance tests.

Training and Evaluation Framework

Apple's claim to openness comes from its decision to release not just the model, but its training and evaluation framework. This includes the complete framework for training and evaluation of the language model on publicly available datasets, including training logs, multiple checkpoints, and pre-training configurations.

Limitations and Future Optimizations

The release of OpenELM models aims to empower and enrich the open research community by providing access to state-of-the-art language models. However, those using OpenELM are warned to exercise due diligence before trying the model for anything meaningful. Apple's researchers acknowledge that the less-than-victorious showing is due to their "naive implementation of RMSNorm," a technique for normalizing data in machine learning. In the future, they plan to explore further optimizations.

Availability and Licensing

OpenELM is available for use, but the accompanying software release is not a recognized open-source license. Apple reserves the right to file a patent claim if any derivative work based on OpenELM is deemed to infringe on its rights.

Code Conversion and Inference

The release is accompanied by code to convert models to MLX library for inference and fine-tuning on Apple devices. This enables the model to operate locally on Apple devices, rather than over the network, making OpenELM more interesting to developers.

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